Deciphering the genetic basis of chronic kidney disease towards prevention and personalized therapy

Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a public health challenge affecting millions globally. Patients have increased risks of mortality, morbidity, and progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). CKD is often clinically silent, disease mechanisms are unclear, and targeted therapies are unavailable.

Background

Recent studies support considerable contributions of underappreciated monogenic aetiologies in adults with CKD, suggesting that most inherited kidney diseases remain undiagnosed, untreated, and poorly understood. Our overarching objective is to unravel the genetic basis of CKD towards early diagnosis and gene-based therapy.

Cohort Establishment

We therefore established the Israeli ESKD genetic cohort and have already recruited clinical data and samples from 2,000 participants with ESKD.

Main Objectives

Our main objectives are:

1. To unravel known and novel CKD genes by interrogating high-risk groups for genetic CKD using next generation sequencing on a population level.
2. To study novel monogenic CKD disease mechanisms by using patient-derived kidney organoids and mutation-specific mouse models. Specifically, we will study a newly identified WDR19 mutation leading to many adult onset-ESKD cases in the Israeli Arab-Druze population.
3. To develop gene-based targeted therapies for CKD. We will focus initially on monogenic CKD secondary to gain-of-toxic-function mutations in UMOD (encoding uromodulin, a kidney-specific protein). This relatively frequent adult CKD aetiology accounts for 0.5-2% of CKD cases worldwide.

Therapeutic Approaches

Altered uromodulin's toxic effect is suitable for novel RNA-based therapies. Gene silencing of uromodulin with antisense oligonucleotides will be performed and studied, using a patient-derived in vitro model as well as a Umod mouse model.

Expected Outcomes

This project will improve CKD classification and clinical management, reveal disease mechanisms, as well as novel treatments. In a broader perspective, this project will set the stage for future clinical trials and for other RNA-based gene-specific CKD treatments.