Wireless deep BRAIN STimulation thrOugh engineeRed Multifunctinal nanomaterials

Introduction

BRAINSTORM will introduce an innovative, scalable, wireless, multimodal nanoinvasive neuromodulation technology suitable for independent and switchable excitation and inhibition of deep brain neurons.

Technology Overview

BRAINSTORM's breakthrough relies on novel smart anisotropic magnetic nanomaterials (SMNs) acting both as nanoscale heaters and as torquers by leveraging either hysteretic losses under kHz frequencies or transitions from vortex to in-plane magnetization under Hz frequencies.

Bimodal Functionality

Intrinsic bimodal functionality permits direct control of thermosensitive or mechanosensitive neurons. This will be boosted by advanced polymer functionalization to:

• Transfer torques to electrical signals through piezoelectric coating.
• Enable transport and delivery of viral vectors to targeted neurons for genetic targeting with sensory channels.

Targeting Mechanisms

SMNs will also be steered to endogenous sensory channels relying on antibody targeting. Selected actuation of ion channels that respond to thermal or mechanical stimulus will permit selective activation or inhibition of targeted neuronal populations identifiable by magnetic resonance imaging.

Advanced Driving Electronics

Advanced driving electronics will include metamaterial solenoid coils for rapid frequency switching for control of mechanical or thermal functionality. Additionally, focused ultrasound will facilitate non-invasive delivery of SMNs in the targeted brain area.

Therapeutic Potential

The ability of the BRAINSTORM platform to shape behavior and demonstrate therapeutic potential by modulating the excitation/inhibition balance through thermal, mechanical, and electrical modalities will be demonstrated in mouse models of Fragile X syndrome.