Deconstructing Intestinal Immune Tolerance

Introduction

The intestinal tract is the main site of nutrient absorption and faces constant exposure to complex environmental stimuli. Intestinal barrier integrity and functionality are safeguarded by the intestinal immune system, which must balance its pro- and anti-inflammatory activities to provide protection from pathogenic microorganisms while preventing unwanted reactivity to self-antigens, commensal microbes, and dietary components.

Immune Environment

The intestinal immune environment can be viewed as a multicellular network in which the identity and function of individual cells is intrinsically programmed by transcription factors (TFs) that regulate their gene expression. These cells, in turn, can respond to signals in their environment and impact the behavior of their neighbors, which over time drives changes in tissue physiology.

Limitations of Current Approaches

Conventional genetic knockout approaches offer insufficient temporal resolution to dissect these regulatory layers.

Proposal Overview

In this proposal, we will employ chemical genetic protein degradation using the auxin-inducible degron 2 (AID2) system to “deconstruct” the intestinal immune regulatory network. These studies will focus on the role of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, whose continuous immunosuppressive activity is required to prevent the onset of intestinal inflammation.

Specific Aims

1. Aim 1: We will use newly generated mouse models to probe the direct gene regulatory functions of key TFs that define intestinal Treg cell subsets.

2. Aim 2: We will fluorescently label intestinal Treg cells and rapidly degrade the TFs that confer their suppressive activity to study their functionality in situ.

3. Aim 3: We will use a reversible mosaic protein degradation strategy to study how the signals that precede and promote intestinal Treg cell differentiation shape the developing intestinal immune system.

Conclusion

Together, these studies will provide fundamentally new insights into the regulatory network underlying intestinal immune tolerance.