Unravelling the molecular-genetic underpinnings of hybrid defects in agricultural pests

Introduction

Mating with an incompatible partner can result in dysfunctional hybrid offspring. Multiple processes cause such hybrid defects, including incompatible gene interactions and cytoplasmic incompatibilities that are mediated by bacterial parasites such as Wolbachia.

Importance of Hybrid Defects

Hybrid defects are strong reproductive barriers that drive speciation and are being harnessed by new pest control strategies to suppress harmful pest populations. Although pivotal to our understanding of these biological phenomena and applications, the molecular-genetic mechanisms that underpin these incompatibilities remain poorly understood.

Project Goals

With HYBRIPEST, we will unravel all major mechanisms and their interactions that shape hybrid dysfunction within a system that recently became amenable to such a research endeavor.

Research System

The system of Tetranychus mite species (important agricultural pests) is typified by various processes that culminate in different hybrid defects and benefits from a recently developed genetic toolkit.

Methodology

For the first time, we will:

1. Dissect the molecular-genetic underpinnings of cytoplasmic incompatibility from the perspective of Wolbachia and host.
2. Test biological theory and identify novel pest control opportunities.
3. Identify the molecular-genetic bases of incompatible gene interactions within and between species, shedding light on early speciation mechanisms.
4. Test for mechanistic convergence of different incompatibility loci.
5. Study how polygenic hybrid dysfunction is controlled.

Techniques and Validation

We will implement high-resolution genetic mapping techniques and comparative genomics to identify (in)compatibility loci. The functional importance of (in)compatibility loci to hybrid dysfunction will be further validated by:

• Recombinant expression
• Genome engineering
• Other experimental advances

Conclusion

HYBRIPEST will bridge pertinent gaps in our mechanistic understanding of hybrid dysfunction, insights that will be translated into new theory and bio-applications.