Masters of the stone: The stonecutters' workshops and the rise of the late antique epigraphical cultures (third-fifth century AD)

Introduction

The STONE-MASTERS project aims at exploring one of the most startling problems in the global history of research on collective memory and commemorative practices - the transformation of Roman Imperial epigraphic traditions in the later 3rd c. AD, and the subsequent rise of the so-called epigraphic cultures of Late Antiquity.

Background

The problem has been passionately debated since the 1980s, but so far no definite conclusions have been reached. In this project, the PI argues that the main reason for the transformation is to be ascribed to the dissemination of changes in the elite's approach to epigraphy by the workshops of stonecutters and mosaicists.

Methodology

The PI maintains that only a thorough study of workshops can provide us with a complete understanding of the processes underpinning this transition. So far, epigraphists of the Roman period have had few instruments to draw upon for the purposes of pursuing synthetic workshop studies, and have been overwhelmingly captivated by other strands:

1. Quantitative research
2. The study of self-representation
3. The visibility of inscriptions
4. The "viewers' culture"

Proposed Approach

The PI argues that a significant leap in our understanding is attainable through the building of a highly regionalized network/stemma of workshops, which will identify workshops of origin for all the inscriptions from the 3rd-5th c. This will be achieved by applying the methodologies of workshop studies developed for other craftsmanships and periods, particularly for:

1. Early Greek vase painters
2. Scribes and scriptoria

The PI will adapt these methodologies to the needs of Graeco-Roman epigraphy.

Anticipated Outcomes

Assuming that these new methodological lenses will redefine the field and re-focus our attention on the actual actors behind the production of epigraphy - artisans and workshops - as primary agents of top-to-bottom cultural transfer, we can anticipate an entire restructuring of our understanding of the way artisans disseminated elitist culture in the lower echelons of society.