Terahertz Integral Field Unit with Universal Nanotechnology

Introduction

The next challenge in millimeter-submillimeter (mm-submm) astronomy is to generate 3D maps of statistically large cosmic volumes with complete spectral information. This endeavor aims to uncover the history of cold matter back to the first billion years of the Universe, the evolution of hot matter in galaxy clusters, and the emergence of cosmic large-scale structure from those baryonic materials.

Importance of the Integral Field Unit

Vital for this endeavor is the integral field unit (IFU), which is a 2D array of spectrometers that instantaneously measures the spectrum of all points in the image. The IFU has reshaped astronomy at shorter visible wavelengths, but it is totally absent for mm-submm waves because it falls out of reach of any existing technology.

Proposal for TIFUUN

Here I propose to revolutionize astronomy by developing a Terahertz Integral Field Unit with Universal Nanotechnology (TIFUUN). TIFUUN hosts mm-submm IFUs that each have:

1. Up to 217 spectrometer pixels (spaxels)
2. A wide instantaneous bandwidth up to 1:2
3. A sufficiently high spectral resolving power up to R = 1,000
4. Operation at photon-noise limited sensitivity

The breakthrough is the integrated superconducting spectrometer (ISS) technology, which allows for the miniaturization of the entire IFU onto a commercial 150-mm diameter silicon wafer.

Planned Observations

I will take TIFUUN to the ASTE 10-m telescope with a set of science-tailored IFUs and perform ground-breaking observations in:

1. Ultra-wideband spectroscopy of dusty star-forming galaxies
2. Unbiased mapping of high-redshift line-emitting galaxies
3. Line-intensity mapping of the cosmic large-scale structure
4. Diagnosis of galaxy clusters using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect

Open Source Initiative

I will make the tools for designing the IFU open source, encouraging the astronomical community to propose science in combination with optimized IFU designs. This cost-effective "open-hardware" concept marks a new paradigm that opens the specialized field of superconducting instrumentation to the world, bridging cutting-edge nanotechnology and cosmology.