Deciphering and targeting cellular states in glioblastoma

Introduction

Cellular heterogeneity is a fundamental property of glioblastoma (GBM) tumors and presents a major barrier for therapeutics. During the past six years, we characterized this heterogeneity in glioblastoma and in other types of glioma using single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq).

Findings

We found consistent patterns of heterogeneity across patients, such that each tumor harbors multiple subpopulations of cells that resemble neurodevelopmental cell types. The consistency of these cellular states across patients highlights their potential clinical significance.

Challenges

Yet, our understanding of how these common states are regulated and how distinct states respond, individually or in combinations, to potential treatments remains poorly understood. Furthermore, it is unclear if additional states of clinical significance remain to be uncovered.

Research Objectives

To address these challenges, we will perform extensive studies of GBM patient samples, animal models, and gliomasphere culture models.

Aim 1: Dissecting Regulation

1. We will dissect the regulation of the common cellular states.
2. Single cell ATAC-seq of patient samples will be used to infer transcriptional regulators.
3. Spatial Transcriptomics will be used to infer environmental interactions, and resulting predictions will be tested further in established model systems.

Aim 2: Searching for Novel Cellular States

1. We will search for novel cellular states, including rare states or those specifically associated with invasion to the brain parenchyma.

Aim 3: Treatment Strategies

1. We will examine strategies for the treatment of heterogeneous tumors that are composed of multiple states.
2. We will screen for state-specific drug sensitivities, as well as for drugs that induce state transitions.
3. We will develop rational combinations to eliminate multiple co-existing states while considering interactions among states.

Conclusion

Taken together, these studies will considerably expand our understanding of cancer heterogeneity and develop strategies to target heterogeneous tumors.